Urine Routine Examination | Urine R/E | UTI | Microscopic Examination

Urine Routine Examination/ Analysis

• What is a urine routine examination?
• When we should test our urine?
• What is the procedure of this test?
• What parameters are given by laboratories?

What is a urine routine examination?

A urine routine examination is a test for the examination of human urine. It is tested to check the urine if there is over secretion of RBCs, WBCs, Crystals, Casts, Bacterias, Epithelial Cells. This test is prescribed by the doctors/physicians when the patient is complaining about Fever, Side Pain, Burning Urine, Kidney Function and there are lots of other signs and symptoms that doctors should prescribe this test. In other cases, Gynaecologists always prescribe every female patient to test their urine from labs.

When we should test our urine?

The urine should be tested when someone complains of Fever, Sweating, Buring Urine Tract, reddish urine, deep yellow urine, secretion of other substances, acidic smelling, etc. This test is advised by the doctors in routine checkups. 

What is the procedure of this test?

When someone visits a laboratory to test his/her urine, the laboratory technician provides a urine container to collect the urine sample. When you give the urine sample the urine is proceeding to further process. First of all the technician should dip the chemical examination strip into the urine for testing of Protein, Albumin, PH, Sugar, Specific Gravity, Bilesalt Bile Pigment, Urobilonogen, Ketones, and more chemical examinations and also he Lab Technicians put the urine into the centrifuge for 5 minutes. After the completion of the centrifuge, the sample is shifted to a Microscopic examination.

What parameters are given by the laboratories?

In a Microscopic examination, one drop of centrifuged urine is placed on a glass slide and a cover glass is place on the drop of urine. It is examined on the 40x lens of the microscope. Details of Urine Microscopic Examinations are mentioned below.

• Check Albumin, Protein, Ph, Sugar, Biloinogen, Ketone, Specific Gravity, etc.
• The most important thing is Albumin, Protein. It should be Negative in normal urine and in abnormal urine it is Trace, +,++,+++
• Another important thing is to check the appearance, what color of urine, Pale Yellow is normal and common, the abnormal colors are Redish, Deep Yellow, Grayish, Pinkish, etc. Also, check the turbidity and clearness of urine.
• WBCs, RBCs, Epithelial Cells, Casts, Crystals, Bacterias are examined in urine.

Normal Urine

• WBCs                    <5/HPF
• RBCs                     NIL/HPF
• Epithelial Cells      are common in female urine and in males these should be NIL
• Casts                      any type of cast should be NIL
• Crystals                 should be also NIL
• Others                    Bacteria and Amorphous urate should be NIL

Abnormal Urine

• WBCs                    more than 6/HPF
• RBCs                     more than Occasional/HPF
• Epithelial Cells      +
• Casts                      Granular Casts, WBCs Casts, RBCs Casts, Hyline Casts
• Crystals                  Calcium Oxalate Crystals, Uric Acid Crystals, Drug Crystals, etc
• Others                    Bacteria +,++,+++, Amorphous Urate +,++,+++