Uric Acid (High Uric Acid Level, Cause, Treatment)

 

URIC ACID (HIGH URIC ACID LEVEL AND TREATMENT)

HIGH URIC ACID: 

It is the byproduct found in the blood. It is made when the body separates synthetic substances called Purines. Most uric acid breaks up in the blood goes through the kidneys and leaves the body in pee. Food and savors high purines additionally increment the level of uric acid. These include: 

• Seafood (salmon, shrimp, lobster, and sardines) 

• Red Meat 

• Organ Meats like liver 

• Drinks and food with high fructose corn syrup and liquor (brew, including non-hard lager) 

In the event that there is an excessive amount of uric acid stays in the body, a condition called Hyperuricemia will happen. Hyperuricemia can cause crystals of uric acid (or urate) to shape. These crystals can get comfortable the joints and cause gout, a type of joint inflammation that can be excruciating. They can likewise get comfortable with the kidneys and structure kidney stones. 

On the off chance that high uric acid level untreated may ultimately prompt lasting bone, joint, and tissue harm, kidney sickness, and coronary illness. Exploration has additionally shown a connection between high uric acid levels and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and greasy liver sickness. 

HIGH URIC ACID AND GOUT: 

A blood test is taken and tried to check the level of uric acid. In the event that you pass a kidney stone or have one precisely eliminated, the actual stone may be tried to check whether it is a Uric Acid stone or a stone of an alternate kind. Tracking down a raised blood Uric Acid level isn't equivalent to diagnosing gouty joint inflammation. To analyze distinct gout, the Uric Acid crystals should be found in the liquid taken from a swollen joint or seen by extraordinary imaging of the bones and joints (Ultrasound, X-beam or CT filter). 

HIGH URIC ACID TREATED: 

On the off chance that you are having a gout assault, a prescription can be utilized to decrease the aggravation, agony, and expansion. You should drink a lot of liquids/fluids, yet keep away from the liquor and sweet sodas. Ice and rise are useful. 

Kidney stones may ultimately drop of the body in pee. Drinking more liquid is significant. Attempt to drink no less than 64 ounces every day (8 glasses at eight ounces apiece). Water and squeezes are ideal. 

Your PCP may likewise recommend prescriptions that help stones pass by loosening up the muscles in the Ureter, the pipe that pee goes through to get from the kidney to the bladder. 

In the event that the stone is too huge to even consider passing, it will impede the progression of pee or causes a disease, it very well may be important to precisely eliminate the stone. 

Will HIGH URIC ACID LEVELS BE MANAGED AND PREVENTED? 

High Uric Acid Levels can be overseen and flares in the joint torment controlled and halted with a drawn-out program of infection the board. Your PCP can recommend prescriptions that break down the stores of Uric Acid crystals. Deep-rooted urate-bringing down treatment might be required, with drugs that forestall gout flares and at last disintegrate crystals that are now in your body.

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Blood Pressure, High and Low Blood Pressure (B.P)

BLOOD PRESSURE (B.P)

What is blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the pressure of coursing blood against the dividers of blood vessels. The vast majority of this pressure results from the heart siphoning blood through the circulatory framework. When utilized without capability, the expression "blood pressure" alludes to the pressure in the huge courses. The equipment used for measuring blood pressure (B.P) is called a "Sphygmomanometer".

The five blood pressure ranges as perceived by the American Heart Association are: 

Ordinary 

Blood pressure quantities of under 120/80 mm Hg are considered inside the ordinary reach. In the event that your outcomes fall into this class, stay with heart-solid propensities like after a decent eating routine and getting normal exercise. 

High

High blood pressure is when readings reliably range from 120-129 systolic and under 80 mm Hg diastolic. Individuals with raised blood pressure are probably going to foster hypertension except if steps are taken to control the condition. 

Hypertension Stage 1 

Hypertension Stage 1 is when blood pressure reliably goes from 130-139 systolic or 80-89 mm Hg diastolic. At this phase of hypertension, specialists are probably going to endorse a way of life changes and may consider adding blood pressure drugs dependent on your danger of atherosclerotic cardiovascular illnesses (ASCVD, for example, coronary episode or stroke. 

Hypertension Stage 2 

Hypertension Stage 2 is when blood pressure reliably runs at 140/90 mm Hg or higher. At this phase of hypertension, specialists are probably going to endorse a mix of blood pressure meds and way of life changes. 

Hypertensive emergency 

This phase of hypertension requires clinical consideration. On the off chance that your blood pressure readings unexpectedly surpass 180/120 mm Hg, stand by five minutes and afterward test your blood pressure once more. In the event that your readings are still abnormally high, contact your PCP right away. You could be encountering a hypertensive emergency. 

In the event that your blood pressure is higher than 180/120 mm Hg and you are encountering indications of conceivable organ harm, for example, chest torment, windedness, back torment, deadness/shortcoming, change in vision, or trouble talking, don't hold on to check whether your pressure descends all alone. Call 911. 

Your blood pressure numbers and what they mean 

Your blood pressure is recorded as two numbers: 

• Systolic blood pressure (the primary number) – demonstrates how much pressure your blood is applying against your course dividers when the pulses. 

• Diastolic blood pressure (the subsequent number) – shows how much pressure your blood is applying against your conduit dividers while the heart is resting between pulsates. 

Which number is more significant? 

Regularly, more consideration is given to systolic blood pressure (the main number) as a significant danger factor for cardiovascular infection for individuals more than 50. In a great many people, systolic blood pressure rises consistently with age because of the expanding solidness of huge corridors, long haul development of plaque, and an expanded frequency of cardiovascular and vascular illness. 

Be that as it may, either a raised systolic or a raised diastolic blood pressure perusing might be utilized to make a conclusion of hypertension. As per ongoing investigations, the danger of death from ischemic coronary illness and stroke copies with each 20 mm Hg systolic or 10 mm Hg diastolic increment among individuals from age 40 to 89. 

Why blood pressure is estimated in mm Hg?

The shortening mm Hg implies millimeters of mercury. Mercury was utilized in the main exact pressure checks is as yet utilized in medication today as the standard unit of estimation for pressure. 

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Urine Routine Examination | Urine R/E | UTI | Microscopic Examination

Urine Routine Examination/ Analysis

• What is a urine routine examination?
• When we should test our urine?
• What is the procedure of this test?
• What parameters are given by laboratories?

What is a urine routine examination?

A urine routine examination is a test for the examination of human urine. It is tested to check the urine if there is over secretion of RBCs, WBCs, Crystals, Casts, Bacterias, Epithelial Cells. This test is prescribed by the doctors/physicians when the patient is complaining about Fever, Side Pain, Burning Urine, Kidney Function and there are lots of other signs and symptoms that doctors should prescribe this test. In other cases, Gynaecologists always prescribe every female patient to test their urine from labs.

When we should test our urine?

The urine should be tested when someone complains of Fever, Sweating, Buring Urine Tract, reddish urine, deep yellow urine, secretion of other substances, acidic smelling, etc. This test is advised by the doctors in routine checkups. 

What is the procedure of this test?

When someone visits a laboratory to test his/her urine, the laboratory technician provides a urine container to collect the urine sample. When you give the urine sample the urine is proceeding to further process. First of all the technician should dip the chemical examination strip into the urine for testing of Protein, Albumin, PH, Sugar, Specific Gravity, Bilesalt Bile Pigment, Urobilonogen, Ketones, and more chemical examinations and also he Lab Technicians put the urine into the centrifuge for 5 minutes. After the completion of the centrifuge, the sample is shifted to a Microscopic examination.

What parameters are given by the laboratories?

In a Microscopic examination, one drop of centrifuged urine is placed on a glass slide and a cover glass is place on the drop of urine. It is examined on the 40x lens of the microscope. Details of Urine Microscopic Examinations are mentioned below.

• Check Albumin, Protein, Ph, Sugar, Biloinogen, Ketone, Specific Gravity, etc.
• The most important thing is Albumin, Protein. It should be Negative in normal urine and in abnormal urine it is Trace, +,++,+++
• Another important thing is to check the appearance, what color of urine, Pale Yellow is normal and common, the abnormal colors are Redish, Deep Yellow, Grayish, Pinkish, etc. Also, check the turbidity and clearness of urine.
• WBCs, RBCs, Epithelial Cells, Casts, Crystals, Bacterias are examined in urine.

Normal Urine

• WBCs                    <5/HPF
• RBCs                     NIL/HPF
• Epithelial Cells      are common in female urine and in males these should be NIL
• Casts                      any type of cast should be NIL
• Crystals                 should be also NIL
• Others                    Bacteria and Amorphous urate should be NIL

Abnormal Urine

• WBCs                    more than 6/HPF
• RBCs                     more than Occasional/HPF
• Epithelial Cells      +
• Casts                      Granular Casts, WBCs Casts, RBCs Casts, Hyline Casts
• Crystals                  Calcium Oxalate Crystals, Uric Acid Crystals, Drug Crystals, etc
• Others                    Bacteria +,++,+++, Amorphous Urate +,++,+++

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Complete Blood Count (CBC test) by Health & Diagnosis

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC)

This is a basic and compulsory blood test and it is advised by any doctor for almost every patient who is visiting for a medical checkup. This test is advised for the diagnosis of many disorders or diseases like Bacterial Infections, Viral Infections, Allergic Infections, HGB levels, Platelet counts, General Infections, General Disorders, Anemia, Thelesimia and much more. As the name explains itself that this is the complete examination of a blood sample including Hemoglobin HGB, Red Blood Cells RBCs, TLCs/White Blood Cells WBCs including (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes, Basophile), Platelets, HCT/PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC. All these parameters are given by an Automated Hematology Analyser or Manually by a Pathologist/Lab Technologist. 

 Methods:

This test is performed by two main methods,

1- Manual Method

2- Automated Method

1. MANUAL METHOD:

In this method, the CBC Test procedure is completely manual and it takes so much time to perform a simple test. In this method, there are more chances of mistakes. So every doctor or physician do not satisfied with this method of test and they don't recommend this manual CBC Test.

 2. Automated Method:

In this method, the CBC Test procedure is completely automated and is performed with a machine called Automated Hematology Analyser. This automated machine has many different names and brands but I recommend all the users use SYSMEX, BACKMAN COLTER, ABBOTT LABORATORIES, HORIBA Ltd, SIEMENS. The total duration of this test is a maximum of 2 min.

Following tests are performed by this machine.

• HGB (Hemoglobin)
• RBCs (Red Blood Cells)
• WBCs (White Blood Cells)
• PLATELETS
• DLC (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes)
• HCT/PCV
• MCV
• MCH
• MCHC

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Cholesterol High & Low, Causes, Sign and Symptoms, Diagnosis Methods and Diet for High Cholesterol

CHOLESTEROL :

-What is Cholesterol?

-What are the Sign & Symptoms?

-What are the main causes of High Cholesterol?

-What methods are used to diagnose Cholesterol (Hight or Low)? 

-What is the best diet for High Cholesterol?

-What is Cholesterol?

    Cholesterol is an organic molecule or it is a type of fat, a lipid that moves throughout the body in the blood. Lipids are substances that do not dissolve in water, so they do not come apart in blood. The body makes cholesterol but we can also get it from foods. Cholesterol is only found in food that comes from animals. It is a yellowish crystalline solid. All cells in the body need cholesterol which helps the cell membrane to form the layers. These layers protect the contents in the cell by acting as the gatekeeper. It is made by the liver and it is also used by the liver to make bile, which helps you digest food. Cholesterol is also used to produce hormones and Vitamin D. The liver produces enough cholesterol to fulfill the basic needs of the body. 

There are three types of Cholesterol which are mentioned below,

01- LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) also called bad cholesterol

02-HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)also called good cholesterol

03-VLDL (Very-Low Density Lipoprotein)

-What are the Sign & Symptoms?

   High Cholesterol typically does not cause any signs and symptoms. If you have high cholesterol, your body may store extra cholesterol in your arteries. These are the blood vessels that carry blood throughout the body. The buildup of cholesterol in your body may cause plaque. Plaque can make your arteries narrow. It can completely block an artery. A blocked artery to the heart can cause a Heart Attack and a blocked artery to the brain can cause Stroke. 

-What are the main causes of High Cholesterol?

    Our liver produces cholesterol at a limit but we also get extra cholesterol from animal food (meat, milk, butter, oils, etc). Eating much food that including fats can increase the cholesterol from normal to high. If we are overweight we may have more chances of higher cholesterol and triglyceride levels. If we never have enough exercise in routine, it can lower our HDL good cholesterol level. It can be genetic. If someone in our family is suffering from a high level of cholesterol then we have also full chances of high-level cholesterol.

-What methods are used to diagnose Cholesterol (Hight or Low)? 

    There are two types of cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol (Low-Density Lipoprotein) bad cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol (High-Density Lipoprotein) good cholesterol. There are two tests to measure both cholesterols bad and good. Visit a laboratory and asked for Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL tests. They will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, by using a syringe. After taken the sample, the sample is shifted for further process. Then they'll centrifuge the blood for separation of serum.

Take 3 disposable tubes, label them as cholesterol blank, cholesterol calibration/standard, cholesterol test/sample.

Put 10ul of the given standard into cholesterol standard/calibration and also 10ul of serum into the cholesterol test.

Let the tests for incubation in 37dc for 5-10m.

Match the colors of standard and test.

The test is ready to read on a chemistry analyzer.

The standard must be exact 100mg/dl.

REFERENCE RANGES OF CHOLESTEROL:

80-200mg/dl

-What is the best diet for High Cholesterol?

-LEGUMES: 

These are like beans, peas and lentils that can help lower "bad" LDL levels and are a good source of plant-based protein. 

-AVOCADOS:

These provide monounsaturated fatty acids and fiber, two heart-healthy and cholesterol-lowering nutrients.

-NUTS (Almonds & Walnuts):

Nuts are rich in cholesterol-lowering fats and fiber, as well as minerals linked to improved heart health.

-FATTY FISH:

Fatty fish offers high levels of omega 3 fatty acids and is linked to a decreased risk of heart attack and stroke.

-FRUITS AND BERRIES:

Fruit can help lower cholesterol and improve heart health. This is largely caused by its fiber and antioxidants.

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Diagnostic methods of Diabetes (Glucose Level)

 Diagnostic Methods of Diabetes (Glucose Level)

There are many methods and tests to diagnose Glucose levels or diagnose Diabetes. Tests and their methods are mentioned below.

01- Home Based Tests

02-Laboratory Based Tests

01- Home Based Tests:

Glucometer is used at homes to guess the Glucose/Sugar Level in blood.

This test is performed at home. Anyone can do this test perfectly. This type of test is recommended for only Type 2 Diabetes. If someone who is normal, performs this test, the result is shown abnormal. This type of test is only for those Diabetic patients who have a higher level of Glucose/Sugar level in the blood. For example, A person's blood sugar level is always more the 350 mg/dl, he/she should always use a Glucometer to check the glucose level in the blood because he/she cannot visit the Laboratories every time and the only option is Glucometer test. This test result is always not exact as the Laboratory test result. Glucometer always shows some number high or low than the exact level of Glucose. So it is recommended that always test your Glucose level only in Diagnostic Laboratories for best results.

02-Laboratory Based Tests:

The Laboratory is the main Diagnostic center where the diseases were diagnosed. Glucose/Sugar Levels should be always monitored in laboratories. There are several tests perform in labs for monitoring and diagnosis of Glucose/Sugar. Following are the names of different tests which are available in every lab.

1- Glucose Level Test is also known as RBS (random blood sugar), FBS (fasting blood sugar)

2- OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test)

3- HbA1C (Hemoglobin A1C)

01-Glucose Level Test (RBS or FBS):

A blood sample should be taken by the Laboratory Philbotomists when you ask them to perform a Glucose Level test. The blood sample is shifted to further process. When it reached the Pathologist/Lab. Technologist/Lab. Technician he/she Centrifuged the blood. A Centrifuge is a machine that is used to spin the blood for the sake of separation of serum, plasma, RBCs, and WBCs. Then the Sugar/Glucose Reagent/Chemical of a good and well-known company product (Human Diagnostic Worldwide) used to perform the test. 

No 1st: Take 3 disposable tubes and label them Blank, Calibration/Standard, Test/Sample.

No 2nd: Put Human Diagnostic Worldwide Reagent 1000 mg/dl into all the above-labeled tubes.

No 3rd: Let the blank as blank, put standard/control given by Human Diagnostic Worldwide 10ul into the Calibration/Standard label tube, and put 10ul of serum/plasma into Test/Sample label tube.

No 4th: Mix and let the test be incubated for 5-10 minutes.

No 5th: After the completion of the incubation period the test should be ready to read to the Chemistry Analyser/Microlab Machine

02- OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test):

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is the test which Doctors especially Gynaecologists advise pregnant women. When the patient visits the laboratory the receptionist provides 75g of Glucose mixed water to the patient for drinking. After 1 hour, the Phlebotomists collect blood samples after every 1 hour and check the Glucose level. In this test, Doctors monitor the Glucose level every hour after orally taken Glucose water. The test is performed to check that either the body able to tolerate the oral glucose or not. 

03- HbA1C (Hemoglobin A1C):

It can be measured by affinity chromatographic methods. Four basic types of methods are used most commonly to measure HbA1c: immunoassay, ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), boronate affinity HPLC, and enzymatic assays.

The sample was taken by the Philobotomist and shifted to the working area. Where a machine is used to perform tests. (Icroma Smart etc) 

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Diabetes, Blood Glucose Level, Diagnosis Methods and Health Cares

 Diabetes, Sign & Symptoms, Get rid, Normal & Abnormal Diabetes and Diet

What is Diabetes?
What are the Symptoms and Factors of Diabetes?
Can someone completely get rid of Diabetes?
What is Normal and High-Level Blood Glucose?
What is the best diet for Diabetics?

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy.

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes high blood Glucose/Sugar levels.

Diabetes is a disorder where the body does not produce insulin or does not use insulin efficiently.

    The food you eat is broken down into sugar (Glucose) and release into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose level goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin.

  Types of Diabetes:

There are three main types of Diabetes

-Type 1 Diabetes

-Type 2 Diabetes

-Gestational Diabetes (GDM)

-Type 1 Diabetes:

It can be developed at any age but occurs most frequently in children and adolescents. In this type of Diabetes, the body produces very little or no insulin. This type of patient must have insulin injections daily to control Glucose levels.

-Type 2 Diabetes:

It is most common in adults and around 90% of all diabetes cases. It is treated by routine exercises, fat loss, weight loss, diet control, or in some cases this type of patient must have oral drugs/ insulin injections to keep the Glucose level normal.

-Gestational Diabetes (GDM):

In this type of Diabetes, the Glucose level is high during pregnancy and it is a complication for both mother and baby.  It is disappeared after pregnancy but women affected after pregnancy and the child is at the risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

What are the Sign and Symptoms of Diabetes?

-Increased thirst
-Frequent urination
-Extreme hunger
-Unexplained weight loss
-Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that     happens when there's not enough available insulin)
-Fatigue

-Irritability
-Blurred vision
-Slow-healing sores

Can someone completely get rid of Diabetes?

There is no way to completely get rid of Diabetes. But if someone could lose his/her weight, proper diet, mentally fit without any tension, control Cholesterol and Triglyceride, proper workout, proper diet, proper sleep can help to keep the Glucose/Sugar level normal, not completely get rid of it. 

What is the Normal and High-Level Blood Glucose?

The normal Glucose should be between 60-100 mg/dl (Fasting)

                                                                 60-180 mg/dl (Random)

In Pre-Diabetes the Glucose level is a little bit high from the normal value (in fasting test) and the value of Glucose is normal (in random test).

In Diabetics, the Glucose level is always higher than the normal ranges.

What is the best diet for Diabetics?

-Fatty fish is considered of the highest foods on the earth. This is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, DHA and EPA. Taking enough of these fats on a regular basis is important for people with Diabetes. Fish is a great source of high-quality protein which helps to stabilize blood Glucose/Sugar levels.

-Leafy green vegetables are extremely nutritious and low in calories. These are also very low digestible carbs, carbs absorbed by the body so they won't significantly affect blood sugar level.

-Avocados have less than 1 gram of sugar, few carbohydrates, high fiber content, and healthy fats, so no worries about rising sugar levels high.

-Eggs are the best food for keeping you full. Regular egg consumption may also reduce your heart disease risk. Eggs improve insulin sensitivity, increase HDL (good cholesterol) and modify the shape and size of LDL (bad cholesterol). Eggs may promote good blood sugar management and protect the eyesight.

-Beans are cheap nutritious and super healthy. Beans are consist of vitamin B, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. They also have a glycemic index, which is more important to manage diabetes and beans also may prevent diabetes.

-Nuts are delicious and nutritious. Nuts contain fiber and are low in net carbs. Research also indicates that nuts can improve blood sugar levels.  

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